Converting MDX to DAX - First Steps

A BISM Tabular model can be queried by using both MDX and DAX. These two different languages rely on different modeling concepts, because MDX has a semantic based on dimensions, attributes, hierarchies and measures, whereas DAX only knows table and columns. In order to understand these differences and how to find a corresponding behavior in DAX and assuming you already have MDX knowledge, I'd like to examine how you can convert an MDX query in DAX.